■ Introduction to Java
■ Eclipse IDE
■ JVM, JDK & JRE
■ Class, Object & Method
■ Conditional Statements – if, if-else, nested if-else
■ Switch Case
■ Loops (while, do-while & for)
■ Break & Continue
■ Constructor
■ Garbage Collection
■ finalize() Method
■ Source File Structure
■ Package Management
■ Import Statement
■ Data Types
■ Primitive Types & Reference Types
■ Access Modifiers – public, private, protected, default
■ Arrays
■ Encapsulation
■ Inheritance
■ Types of Inheritance
■ Inheritance with Constructor
■ Polymorphism
■ Types of Polymorphism
■ Method Overloading & Method Overriding
■ Abstract Class & Interface – Introduction and Differences
■ Keywords – this, static, final, super

■ String Class, StringBuffer & StringBuilder
■ Wrapper Classes
■ Exceptions
■ Types of Exceptions
■ Try-Catch & Finally Block
■ Multi-Catch Exceptions
■ Throw & Throws Keywords
■ File I/O
■ Streams and Types of Streams
■ File Input & Output Streams and Their Methods
■ File Class
■ Command Line Arguments
■ Thread Life Cycle
■ Creating Threads
■ Runnable Interface
■ Synchronized Blocks & Synchronized Methods
■ Collection Framework – Introduction
■ Collection API
■ Hierarchy of Collections
■ List, Set & Map Collections
■ ArrayList, Vector & Other Classes
■ Generics
■ Comparator & Comparable
■ Events and Event Handling

■ Basics of Servlet
■ Servlet Request & Collaboration
■ Servlet Config & Servlet Context
■ Attribute & Session Tracking
■ Event & Listener
■ Servlet Input Stream & Servlet Output Stream
■ Annotation Servlet
■ Basics of JSP
■ Scripting Elements
■ Implicit Objects
■ Directive Elements
■ Exception Handling
■ Action Elements
■ Custom Tags

■ Introduction to Spring Framework
■ What is Spring?
■ Spring vs Spring Boot
■ Overview of Spring Modules
■ Understanding Inversion of Control (IoC)
■ Dependency Injection (DI)
■ Spring MVC Basics
■ Core Features of Spring Boot
■ Spring Initializr (start.spring.io)
■ Spring Boot Project Structure Walkthrough
■ Auto-Configuration in Spring Boot
■ Spring Boot Starters
■ Creating Your First Spring Boot Application
■ @Component, @Service, @Repository Annotations
■ @Bean and @Configuration
■ application.properties & application.yml
■ Spring Profiles (dev, test, prod)

■ REST Architecture Basics
■ Creating CRUD APIs
■ Request Handling using @GetMapping, @PostMapping, @PutMapping & @DeleteMapping
■ Path Variables & Request Parameters
■ Request and Response DTOs
■ Exception Handling using @ControllerAdvice and Custom Exceptions
■ Validation using Hibernate Validator (@Valid)

■ Spring Data JPA Overview
■ Entity, Repository & Service Layers
■ CRUD Repository vs JpaRepository
■ Custom JPQL & Native Queries
■ Pagination & Sorting
■ Database Migrations using Flyway / Liquibase

■ Hibernate Fundamentals
■ One-to-One Mapping
■ One-to-Many Mapping
■ Many-to-Many Mapping
■ Fetch Types (Lazy & Eager)
■ Cascade Types
■ Transaction Management

■ Introduction to Spring Security
■ In-Memory Authentication
■ JWT Authentication (Token-Based Security)
■ Role-Based Authorization
■ Password Encryption using BCrypt
■ Securing REST APIs

■ Introduction to Microservices Architecture
■ Service Registry using Eureka
■ API Gateway using Spring Cloud Gateway
■ Load Balancing with Ribbon
■ Fault Tolerance using Resilience4j
■ Distributed Configuration with Config Server
■ Distributed Tracing with Sleuth & Zipkin